Heating system.



' H.-LEMP & W. GLF ISHER.

' HEATING SYSTEM. APPLIOATION FILED NQV.17, 1906.

' Patented Apr. 27, 1909.

Invenhors Hermann Lamp, William 6,?isher: fiMfi w bqk y UNrTED. STATES PATENT canton.

P'IIHERMANN LEMP AND WILLIAM G. FISHER, 'oF LYNN, MASSACHUSETTS,

AssIeNoas To GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, A CORPORATION or New ORK,

HEATING sYsrrEM.

"To allwhomit'ma'y concern:

Specification of Letters Patent. Application Pied November 17 1906.- Serial No' 343,800.

Patented a rnf 27 1 909. i

The water for the system'is contained in a file it known that WELI'TERLLQSN LEMP and tank- 5, the latter being connected by the WILLIAM G. FIsHER, c1t1zens ot the United pipe 6 having a strainer 7 with thesuction states, residing at Lynn, in the county of Essex, State of' Massachusetts, have invented specification.

The present j invention relates to heating apparatus and isadapted more especially for service vonelectric locomotives for supplying heated fluid to the coils or radiators on the connected railway cars or, coaches.

- certain' new and useful Improvements in? Ourinvention'has for its object to provide j a heat producing apparatus of improved cononce'started, will automatically continue to hotwater at such a pressure and temperature as best su ts the requirements.

For a consideration of what we consider- "Ito benovel in our invention, attention is ,calledto, the specificatioirand claims ap- 2f -motor 2 through soeed reducing gearing, and

arranged to an p v water to the heater or boi1er3. iThe oilerconiprises one or more coils of'high resistance tubing, as nickelsteel .for example, which is connected to an electric circiiit in such mannerthat the pas sa e of electricity through the walls of the "l tu ting heats the w'ater contained therein to any. desired temperature. One end of the tubingisconnected to the source of supply,

side of the pump 1. Vr'ater is received from the tank and forced by'the pump through the hose 8, made of rubber or other insu-1 j that thereis no danger of a'current of electricity flowing through it tothe pum) casing. Between the boiler tube and the ose 8 p p is a clieck valve. 8 so that hot water and structlonwherem the heat is derlved from an electric. circuit,- WhlCh apparatus, after it is 2 the heater tube the water-is heated by reason supply heated fluid in the form of steam or E of the current of electricity flowing in the walls of the tube, and is discharged as'steam, or as hot water if desired, into and through the thermostat 9. From this point the heated fluid passes by the pipe 10 into the heating coils on the locomotive or on the cars drawn thereby. In the discharge pipe is a relief valve 11 set to open at a predetermined 5 increase in pressure, and a reducing valve 12.

i other.

such as the trolley or third rail conductor and i the other to the ground or to the other side of the system as the case may be. The coil is 'inclosedin asuitablecasing a and insu- K lated thereform and its turns from each;

other. The coil in the present instance is so i arranged'that the cool water enters at the .bottom and is discharged as stean atthe top; W's havefound this "to bc z'tlflfifilClGllb arrangemenflbut theinvention is not limited thereto.

l i I a l In a system of this character it is important to maintain the pressure and tempera:- ture of the heating fluid v constant, or substantially so, irrespective of changes of load.

To accomplish this We provide regulating means responsive to pressurcchanges oir'the one hand and to temperature changes on the The pressure responsive or regulating meanswill he described first. tor 2is connected by the conductor 13 to the trolley wire'orj third rail conductor 14. In

the conductor 13 is a hand operated starting switch 15, a fuse, anda regulator 16 responsive to pressure changes. The regulator comprises a casing containing a diaphragm 17 that is opposed by a compression spring.

The movements of the diaphragm automatically control switch 18 in the motor-circuit, the latter including a reactance' to obviate the useof a starting resistance; So long as the pressure under the diaphragm is less than a certainarnount the switch remains closed,

but when it rises .above said amount the switch opens and lnterrupts the motor oncuit. Pressure is supplied to the underside by the switches 20 and 21, arran of the diaphragm by thepipe 19; the latter a thermostat which in turn controls a source being connected to the discharge end of the of motive fluid that actually does the work of 66 boiler. The pipe 19 is looped down through the water tank so as to cool the steam and prevent it from affecting the diaphragm 17.

The circuit of the heating coil is, controlled ed in series, so that if one gets burned and Fails to open, the'other one will. These switches are controlled byrelay magnets in the well known way. The circuit of the magnets is completed by the hand operated starting switch 22. In the same circuit with the magnets is a regulator 23 that acts to open the circuit of said magnets and therefore opens the switches 20 and 21 when the temperature of the fluid delivered by' the boiler exceeds a certain amount, and to complete the circuit of the magnets and to close the switches 20 and '21 when the tem erature falls below a certain amount.

, T e steam from the boiler passes through the thermostat 9, which may e of any suitable shape or construction, and is here shown as comprising a U-shaped tube attached to an insulated platform I 24.

' Mounted on the platform is a valve 25 having a downwardly-extending stem which is actuated by a lever 26. The said lever 26 is connected by" a rod 27 with the thermostat 9. The valve 25 controls the passa e of air from the train pipe 28 of the air bra e system to the under side of the diaphragm of regulator 23. Assuming that the temperature increases abnormally, the thermostat tube 9 will expand and in so doing draw the rod 27 downwardly and'open the valve 25 and perpump might be started into operation withmit air to pass'from the train pipe 28 to the under side of the diaphragm. The diaphragm will 0 en the switch 29 and interrupt the circuit of the magnets controlling the switches 20 and 21 and thus permit the latter to 0 en. The parts will remain as described unt' the temperature drops and the thermostat moves to a position where the valve 25 is permitted to shut off the air supply from pipe 28 and exhaust the air under the diaphragm.'

In a system of this kind it is op great im' portance to have pressure and thermostatic controlling devices since it is possible to have a high pressure in the heater without the necessary amount of heat. For example, the

out closin thecircuit of the heating coil. On the other hand the circuit of the coil might be closed and the pumpv idle. lViththe said regulator operating a thereby controlling the motor which drives out a thermostatic device under this condition the coil might be overheated andruined. It will be noted that the pump is controlled by a regulator sensitive to steam pressure,

thepump. The heating coil controlled by switch and opening the circuit of the magnets, whilea spring closes the circuit.

In the structure shown, the heater is iny tended to take water at ordinary temperatures and raise it to about 350 F., thefevapw oratlng capacity under these conditions belng about 800 pounds of water per hour The heater will commonly be subjected to a current of electricity of about 460 amperes at 650 volts. The apparatus may be started into service in the following manner. The

pipe leadingto the train is closed, the water pump is then'started and the boiler filled with water, the heating circuit is then closed and the by-pass valve 30 opened to ermit the surplus water to reenter the tan As soon as the steam commences to pass throu h the by-pass, the valve 30 is closed and t 1e train pipe opened after which the system is entire y automatic.

The construction described possesses many important advantages in that it is unnecessary to have an exact relation at all times between the amount of water supplied to the heater and the heating efi'ect of the current of electricity passing through the walls thereof, thus making it unnecessaryto compensate for load variations and changes in temperature of the feed water. Ordinarily the ratio of current to water to be evaporated would be determined as accurately as possible for normal loads and temperatures, and unless the variations therefrom were great no change in adjustment would be made. All of the regulators are, however, adjustable so that due compensation can be made for all variations. In some cases we find it desirable to interlock the thermostatic control with the pressure control. When this is done, the thermostat cannot admit electricity to the coil unless it contains water at a suitable pressure.

One of the important features of the invention resides in the way the parts are connected in circuit. It will be observed thatv the thermostat is located electrically between the heater proper and the ground connection 31, the latter bcmg grounded on the car axle,

motor or at any other suitable point or points, We make the tubing 01' the heater of 30% nickel steel and the tube of the thermostat of German silver; the latter having a considerably greater coeilicient of expansion than the steel. Practice has demonstrated these metals to be satisfactory, but the invention is not to be construed as limited thereto unless it is specifically stated in the. claims. As shown, the current after leaving the heater passes'through the thermostat and then to the other side of the circuit. This is important because if the current of electricit did not do so, then the thermostatwhlle st l erases responsive to temperature changes of the steamand'acting as a-regulator so long as the 'water supply Wasmaintained and there was steamin' the thermostat, would fail and becomeinoperative as soon asthe Water service hadstopped.

By including the thermostat in the electrical circuit and )ermitting current-to pass through it at he same time shutting ofl the water, tests sho'wltha't in less than a minute the thermostat will become so he'ated'on account of its own resistance-as to shut off the current, To state the matter in a difl'erent way, the normal flow of current through the thermostat tends to shut oh the current, while the steam being at a lower temperature tends to cool the thermostatsoi ficiently to prevent it from acting. From I thisit will he observed that it is the current of electricity flowing vthroughthe heater that causes the system to shut doun'and'not the steam,,as might naturally be supposed; fiu state-the matter broadly, the current of electri'city heats the thermostat and the steam or other vapor generated cools it,

1 In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes, We have described the .prin-' 4 by Letters-Patent of the'United States, is,

1f. In a heating system, the combination of an electric circuit, a tubular heating coil forming apartoi the circuit, the current of i electricity flowing through'the walls of the the coil, means controlling the passage ofcoiljfor heating a liquid containedtherein, a means'ior iorcmg liquid into the interior ct electricity through the walls of the coil, and means controlling the admission of liquid to the interior of the coil.

2; In a heating system, the combination of a heater, (mnduc torsconveyingclectricity to and from the heater, a circnit-breaker eont-rolling the supply of electricity to the heater, means for forcing liquid into the heater, a devicecontrolling the supply of liquid from said means to the heater, and a regulator responsive-to a condition of the liquid being heated for controlling; the circuit hrealcer.

In a heating system, thecombinat-ien of a heater, conductors conveying electricity to and from the heater, a puma for forcing liquid into the heater, a circuitweaker regulating the passage of electricity through the heater, a regulator for the pump, and a regulator controlling the circuit-breal er, both of said regulators being sensitive to the condition of the fluid flowing through theheater. 4. In a heating system, the combination of a heater ,conductors c nveying a current of elcetricityto and from the heater, apump for forcing liquid into the heater, aregulator for the pum responsive to changesiin pres sure in the uid being heated, and a regulator for the heater circuit res onsive to changes in temperature of the uid being heat 5. In aheat-ing system, the'combination of a heater, conductors conveying-electric our 1 rent to and. from the heater, a supply uinp 1 an insulated conduit receiving cm from the pump and discharging it into t cheater,

a motor for driving the pump, a regulator res onsive to. pressure changes for starting I an stopping the pump, a regulating means,

and a thermostat acting through the regulating means to interrupt the flou of electricity through the heater Marthe temperature )eccines abnormal. 1

6. In a heating system, the combination of a heater, conductors for conveying electricity to and from the heater, a pump supplying liquid to the heater, an electric motor for driving the pump, a pump governor tor starting and stopping the motor, which-is res onslve to changes 1n a-fcondition-of the erning means for the heater circuit, and a device responsive to a condition of the fluid being heated for admitting fluid under pressure to said governing means. t

7. In a heating system, the combination of a heater, conductors-for conveying electricity to and from the heater, a pump supplying 'fluld being heated, a pressure act-uated govliquid to the heater, a supp y tank, an elecs tric motor fordriving the'pump, a pressureactuated pump governor, a conduit which:

conveys fluid under pressure to the governor and passesv through theta-n1: for cooling the fluid, and means for regulating thepassagc of current thmugh the heater.

. '8. In a heating system, the'combinationof a heater, conductors for conveying electricity.

to and from the heater, apump supplying liquid to the heater, a pump governor. a

pressure-actuated regulator for cont-rolling the passage o't current through'the heater,

a source offluid under pressure, and a means sensitive to changes in a condition of the fluid being heated foradmitting fluid from said source to the regulator for-actuating it.

9. In a heating system, the combination of a heating coil through which electricity flows, one end of said coil being connected to the supply circuit and the other to the return, a pump for forcing liquid through the coil, an insulated conduit between the ump and coil for insulating one from the'oth such length as to prevent a current of electricity from passing through the column of liquid to the pump, a non-return valve between the pump and heating coil, and means er, and of supplying the coil, a source of electricity for through which the same current flows for v for conveying current to the heater'tubing supplying liquid to the heater.

' of a coil of tubing through the walls of which a currentof electricity flows for heating purchang'es.

same current as the heater and cooled by the for controlling the passage of elm-tricity and l liquid through the heating coil. u i 10. In an electric heating system, the com.- bination of a coil of high resistance tubing through the walls of which electricity flows for heating a body of liquid contained in the bore, a source of liquid under pressure for the coil,and means regulating the flow of electricity and liquidin accordance with the demand for vapor energy. I

11.- In a heating system, the combination poses, a pump forcing liquid through the bore of the tubing, and automatic regulating devices i'or the electricity and the liquid which increaseor decrease the effective sup plies of both as the demands for vapor energy 12. In a heating system, the combinationv of a heater, a thermostat heated by the controlling the'supply of current,'conductors and'to the thermostat, a conductor receiving current from the thermostat, and a pump 'lor 14'. 111 a heating system,'the combination of a heatercomprising a coil of tubing through the wall of which a current of electricity flows, av tubular thermostat through the wall of which the current from the heater flows and through the bore of which the vapor from the heater passes, conductors forconnecting the heater and thermostat to the 1 supply and return mains, a source oi liquid i supply, and a circuit-breaker controlled by s the thermostat. l

15. In a heating system, the combination of a supply main, a heater connected thereto, a circuit-breaker between the main and heater, a-thermostat connected electrically with thehea ter and between it and the o'pposite side of the circuit, the said thermostat controlling the circuit-breaker, a conduit receiving-'va-por from the heater after it passes,

through the thermostat, a pump'for forcing liquid into the heater, and a meanssensitive to a'condition of the liquid being heated for controlling the effective discharge of the pump.

'16. In a heating system, the combination of a source of electrical energy, a heater comprising a'coil of tubing through the walls of which, said source causes. electricity to;flow, a thermostat-arranged in such relation to the coil that said electricity flows in---;serie's through the coil and thermostat, atdevice controlled by the thermostat for regulating the supply of electricity to-the'heater, an

means for supplying liquid to the heater.

17; In a heating system, the combination of a source of electrical energy, 'a heater comprising a coil of tubing through the walls of which said source causes'a currentof electricity to flow to heat a liquid within the coil, a conduit leading to the apparatus to be heated, a tubular thermostat so arranged between the coil and conduit that heated fluid from the coil passes through the thermostat to said conduit and said current of electricity flows in series throu h the coil and the thermostat, a device supfi ying liquid to the heater, and means contro ed by the thermostat for regulating the supply of electricity to the heater.

In witness whereof, we have hereunto set our hands this fifteenth day of November, 1906. Y I

HERMANN LEMP.

WILLIAM G. FISHER.

Witnesses JOHN A. NIGh/IANUS,.JI., HENRY O. Wns'rENDAnP. 

